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Cuckoos host range is associated positively with distribution range and negatively with evolutionary uniqueness.

Federico Morelli1, Yanina Benedetti1, Anders Pape Møller2

  • 1Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic.

The Journal of Animal Ecology
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Parasitic cuckoo species are not more evolutionarily unique than non-parasitic ones. However, specialist brood parasites show greater evolutionary distinctiveness than generalists.

Keywords:
Cuculidaedistribution rangeevolutionary uniquenesshost species richnessworld-wide distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Ornithology
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • The evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) score measures a species' phylogenetic isolation and evolutionary uniqueness.
  • Understanding factors contributing to evolutionary uniqueness is crucial in conservation biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the ED scores of parasitic and non-parasitic cuckoo species globally.
  • To investigate the relationship between ED, host range, and breeding size in brood parasitic cuckoos.
  • To determine if brood parasitism or parental care contributes more to phylogenetic uniqueness.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of ED scores across cuckoo species.
  • Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) models were used to assess associations.
  • Phylogenetic signal was accounted for in the statistical models.

Main Results:

  • Parasitic cuckoo species did not exhibit higher ED scores than non-parasitic species.
  • A negative association was found between evolutionary uniqueness and host range.
  • A positive correlation existed between host species number and range size in parasitic cuckoos.
  • Specialist cuckoo species were the most evolutionarily unique within the Cuculiformes order.

Conclusions:

  • Brood parasitism does not inherently confer greater evolutionary uniqueness compared to parental care in cuckoos.
  • Generalist brood parasites may passively acquire hosts as their range expands.
  • Evolutionarily unique species within Cuculiformes tend to be specialists, not generalists.