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Repeated immune challenges affect testosterone but not sperm quality.

Katie B Needham1, Aurelia C Kucera1, Britt J Heidinger1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota.

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Immune responses are costly. This study found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in house sparrows did not impact sperm quality, despite affecting testosterone and body temperature.

Keywords:
lipopolysaccharidepasserinereproductive‐immune trade‐off

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Immune system activation is energetically costly, potentially trading off with other vital functions like reproduction.
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is commonly used to simulate infection and study immune responses.
  • Understanding immune-reproduction trade-offs is crucial, especially in social species with frequent pathogen exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trade-off between acute immune response activation and sperm function in house sparrows.
  • To determine if repeated exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has a more pronounced effect on sperm quality.
  • To assess the impact of simulated infection on reproductive capacity indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Male house sparrows were exposed to two rounds of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a control treatment.
  • Sperm quality, specifically straight-line velocity, was measured in treated and control groups.
  • Circulating testosterone levels and body temperature were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment led to reduced circulating testosterone and induced hypothermia compared to controls.
  • Despite physiological changes, LPS exposure did not significantly affect sperm quality (straight-line velocity).
  • No detrimental effects on sperm quality were observed following single or repeated LPS exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Acute immune activation via LPS does not appear to compromise sperm quality in male house sparrows.
  • The predicted trade-off between immune response and reproductive function (sperm quality) was not supported in this study.
  • Further research may be needed to explore other reproductive parameters or longer-term effects of immune challenges.