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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.3K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.3K
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
10.8K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

7.6K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.6K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

22.4K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
22.4K
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

5.1K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
5.1K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.5K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells

Published on: July 29, 2010

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Chromatin Replication and Histone Dynamics.

Constance Alabert1, Zuzana Jasencakova2, Anja Groth3

  • 1Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells duplicate DNA and chromatin simultaneously to maintain genome stability. Replication-coupled mechanisms rapidly assemble nucleosomes, ensuring proper chromatin restoration for cell division and function.

Keywords:
ChromatinDNA replicationEpigeneticsHistone chaperoneHistone recyclingNucleosome assembly

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Inheritance of DNA sequence and chromatin organization is crucial for genome stability.
  • Restoring specific chromatin structures on newly synthesized DNA during cell division is key to understanding cell fate and self-renewal.
  • Cellular processes involve genome-wide chromatin disruption and restoration, alongside DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe how cells duplicate the genome while maintaining chromatin organization.
  • To reveal the mechanisms of chromatin assembly on newly synthesized DNA.
  • To highlight the importance of the link between DNA replication and chromatin duplication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms for genome duplication and chromatin organization maintenance.
  • Description of replication-coupled nucleosome assembly.
  • Analysis of the continuous process of chromatin restoration throughout the cell cycle.

Main Results:

  • Specialized replication-coupled mechanisms rapidly assemble nucleosomes on newly synthesized DNA.
  • Complete chromatin restoration, including histone marks, is a continuous process during the cell cycle.
  • Failure in nucleosome reassembly at replication forks impedes DNA replication and causes genomic instability in higher eukaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • Faithful DNA replication and chromatin duplication are essential for genome stability.
  • The mechanistic link between DNA replication and chromatin duplication is critical for preventing genomic instability.