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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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Coordinating Replication with Transcription.

Yathish Jagadheesh Achar1, Marco Foiani2

  • 1IFOM (Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare), Milan, Italy. yathish.achar@ifom.eu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Replication-transcription conflicts arise from DNA transactions, potentially destabilizing genomes. Cellular mechanisms resolve these conflicts to maintain genome stability and cell viability.

Keywords:
Chromatin structureDNA replicationGenome instabilityRNA:DNA hybridsTopoisomeraseTopologyTranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication and transcription are fundamental cellular processes.
  • These processes can physically collide, leading to DNA topological challenges.
  • Replication-transcription conflicts can generate aberrant DNA structures impacting genome stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the consequences of replication-transcription conflicts.
  • To discuss the topological challenges arising from these conflicts.
  • To explore how these conflicts alter genome structure and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular biology and genetics studies.
  • Analysis of cellular surveillance and resolution mechanisms.
  • Examination of genomic alterations resulting from replication-transcription conflicts.

Main Results:

  • Replication forks encountering transcription can lead to topological stress.
  • Failure to resolve these conflicts results in aberrant replication-transcription intermediates.
  • Cellular surveillance mechanisms are crucial for tolerating and resolving these conflicts.

Conclusions:

  • Replication-transcription conflicts pose significant threats to genome stability.
  • Proper resolution of these conflicts is essential for cell viability.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to comprehending genome maintenance.