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Infection with anthroponotic Cryptosporidium parvum does not fully protect the host against a subsequent challenge

Abhineet S Sheoran1, Ruby Pina-Mimbela1, Alison Keleher1

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.

Microbes and Infection
|January 23, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Infection with Cryptosporidium hominis or Cryptosporidium parvum in piglets provides full protection only against the same species. Even though these parasites are nearly identical, cross-species protection is incomplete.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum are significant human pathogens.
  • Gnotobiotic piglets are a suitable model for studying Cryptosporidium infections.
  • Previous research indicated incomplete cross-protection between C. hominis and C. parvum after C. hominis infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the homologous and heterologous protection conferred by Cryptosporidium parvum infection in gnotobiotic piglets.
  • To compare the protective immunity elicited by C. parvum against homologous (C. parvum) and heterologous (C. hominis) challenge.

Main Methods:

  • Gnotobiotic piglets were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum.
  • After recovery, piglets were re-challenged with either C. parvum or C. hominis.
  • Immune protection was assessed based on the outcome of the re-challenge.

Main Results:

  • Piglets infected with C. parvum showed complete protection against a subsequent C. parvum challenge.
  • However, the protection against C. hominis challenge was incomplete.
  • This suggests a lack of full cross-immunity between these two closely related species.

Conclusions:

  • Homologous protection is robust following C. parvum infection in piglets.
  • Incomplete heterologous protection exists between C. parvum and C. hominis.
  • Despite genetic and antigenic similarities, distinct immune responses may be involved in Cryptosporidium species interactions.
Keywords:
AnthroponoticC. hominisC. parvumCryptosporidiosisInfectionPiglet

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