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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

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Emergent coordination underlying learning to reach to grasp with a brain-machine interface.

Mukta Vaidya1,2, Karthikeyan Balasubramanian3, Joshua Southerland4

  • 1Committee on Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|January 24, 2018
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Summary

Researchers trained macaques with amputations to control a robotic arm using brain-machine interfaces (BMI). This study reveals how the motor cortex learns new coordinated movements, mimicking early development.

Keywords:
brain-machine interfaceslearningneural coordinationprimary motor cortexreach to grasp

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Neuroplasticity

Background:

  • Coordinated reach-to-grasp development is crucial but poorly understood in humans due to study limitations.
  • Motor cortex reorganization after limb loss is known, but its role in novel movement acquisition is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of novel, coordinated reach-to-grasp movements using a brain-machine interface (BMI) in nonhuman primates with amputations.
  • To examine the role of the motor cortex in learning and controlling new, complex motor behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a brain-machine interface (BMI) paradigm in rhesus macaques with prior therapeutic amputations.
  • Taught macaques to cortically control a robotic arm and hand via operant conditioning, using neurons not initially related to reach or grasp.
  • Analyzed neural activity and behavioral output to identify emergent coordination patterns.

Main Results:

  • Stereotypical and stabilized cross-covariance patterns emerged between reaching and grasping velocity profiles during training.
  • Structured coordination was observed between pairs of neurons involved in controlling reach and grasp, and other stable neurons.
  • The degree of neural coordination was highly correlated across all neuron pair types, indicating network-wide plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a unique model for understanding the development of novel, coordinated reach-to-grasp movements at both behavioral and cortical levels.
  • The findings demonstrate motor cortex's capacity for significant neural plasticity and adaptation in learning new motor skills through BMI, even with non-specific neuronal inputs.
  • The approach mimics early developmental learning processes, offering insights into how the brain acquires complex motor functions.