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Structure and function of the archaeal response regulator CheY.

Tessa E F Quax1, Florian Altegoer2, Fernando Rossi1

  • 1Molecular Biology of Archaea, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Archaeal CheY protein is essential for microbial motility and chemotaxis. This study reveals how archaeal CheY evolved distinct structural features to interact with the archaellum, enabling movement in archaea.

Keywords:
CheYarchaeal flagellumarchaellumchemotaxismotility

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Microbial motility is crucial for survival and adaptation.
  • Bacteria and archaea utilize distinct rotary motors (flagellum and archaellum) for motility.
  • Chemotaxis in bacteria relies on the CheY protein to regulate flagellar rotation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional adaptations of the CheY protein in archaea.
  • To understand how archaeal CheY interacts with the archaellum-based motility machinery.
  • To elucidate the evolutionary changes in CheY that facilitate archaeal chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative structural analysis of bacterial and archaeal CheY proteins.
  • Biochemical assays to study magnesium-dependent phosphorylation.
  • Investigation of protein-protein interactions using archaeal-specific adaptor proteins like CheF.

Main Results:

  • Archaeal CheY shares conserved phosphorylation mechanisms with bacterial CheY.
  • Differences in the electrostatic potential of helix α4 were observed between bacterial and archaeal CheY.
  • Conserved residues in archaeal CheY helix α4 are critical for binding to the archaeal-specific protein CheF.

Conclusions:

  • Archaeal CheY has evolved unique features, particularly in helix α4, for interaction with the archaellum.
  • These adaptations allow CheY to bridge the chemotaxis system with the archaeal motility machinery.
  • The findings highlight conserved and divergent evolutionary paths of motility regulation in prokaryotes.