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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Overview
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What is a Frequency Distribution00:51

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A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the sample. It is commonly used to group data of quantitative types. Frequency distributions can be displayed in a table, histogram, line graph, dot plot, or pie chart, just to name a few. A histogram is a graphical representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to...
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Mean From a Frequency Distribution01:11

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Sometimes, data gathered from an experiment on a large sample or population are organized into concise tables. In such cases, the frequency of the quantitative data set is plotted in the form of a table. Or else, the data values are grouped into the quantity’s intervals, which form classes, and their respective frequencies are known. That is, the data values are distributed over different categories or classes. This is known as frequency distribution.
When such a data set is encountered,...
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Binaural frequency selectivity in humans.

Jesko L Verhey1, Steven van de Par2

  • 1Department of Experimental Audiology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|January 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binaural hearing uses two ears to provide extra sound information. This study reviews psychoacoustic research on whether binaural hearing has the same frequency selectivity as single-ear (monaural) hearing.

Keywords:
across-frequency processesauditory filtersbinaural masking-level differencepsychoacoustic modelling

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Human Auditory System

Background:

  • Binaural hearing, using two ears, offers enhanced sound source localization compared to monaural hearing.
  • Binaural processing relies on analyzing interaural phase and level differences.
  • Cochlear processing, preceding binaural stages, exhibits frequency selectivity, prompting investigation into its binaural counterpart.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and reconcile conflicting psychoacoustic findings on the frequency selectivity of the binaural auditory system.
  • To explore explanations for discrepancies in reported frequency selectivity between binaural and monaural hearing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing psychoacoustic studies and experimental results.
  • Analysis of theoretical frameworks explaining binaural processing.
  • Synthesis of data comparing binaural and monaural frequency selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Psychoacoustic experiments present seemingly contradictory results regarding binaural frequency selectivity.
  • Some studies suggest poorer frequency selectivity in binaural processing compared to monaural.
  • Other studies indicate comparable frequency selectivity between binaural and monaural systems.

Conclusions:

  • The frequency selectivity of the binaural auditory system is a subject of ongoing debate in psychoacoustics.
  • Discrepancies in findings may stem from differing experimental paradigms or analytical approaches.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the frequency selectivity characteristics of binaural processing.