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Maternal Vitamin D Status and Infant Infection.

Sara Moukarzel1,2, Marlies Ozias3, Elizabeth Kerling4

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. smoukarzel@ucsd.edu.

Nutrients
|January 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

African American mothers often have lower vitamin D levels, increasing their infants' infection risk. Improving maternal vitamin D status may reduce infant infections, especially in at-risk populations.

Keywords:
25-hydroxycholecalciferolAfrican Americansinfancyinfectionmaternal nutritionpregnancyvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Maternal vitamin D status influences fetal immune development and infant infection susceptibility.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in pregnancy, disproportionately affecting African American women.
  • Understanding the link between maternal vitamin D and infant infections is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare maternal vitamin D status and infant infection rates between African American (AA) and non-African American (non-AA) women.
  • To investigate the correlation between maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and infant infections in the first year of life.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from 220 term infants (69 AA, 151 non-AA) enrolled in the Kansas University DHA Outcomes Study.
  • Comparison of maternal plasma 25(OH)D levels using Mann-Whitney U-test and infant infection data.
  • Spearman correlation analysis to assess the relationship between maternal 25(OH)D and infant infections.

Main Results:

  • African American women had significantly higher rates of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) compared to non-AA women (84% vs. 37%, p < 0.001).
  • Infants of AA mothers experienced higher rates of at least one infection in the first six months (78.3% vs. 59.6%, p = 0.022).
  • Maternal 25(OH)D concentration showed inverse correlations with total infant infections, EENT infections, and skin infections in the first six months.

Conclusions:

  • Lower maternal vitamin D status is associated with increased infant infection risk, particularly in African American populations.
  • While maternal education and socioeconomic factors also play a role, vitamin D status is a modifiable factor.
  • Further research on vitamin D supplementation for at-risk pregnant women is warranted to potentially reduce infant infection rates.