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Nitrite-oxidizing activity responds to nitrite accumulation in soil.

Andrew T Giguere1, Anne E Taylor1, David D Myrold1

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Soil nitrite-oxidizing bacteria adjust their activity through protein synthesis to match ammonia oxidation rates, ensuring coupled nitrification. This phenotypic flexibility helps maintain soil nitrogen cycling balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Soil microbiology
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Nitrification processes

Background:

  • Coupling of ammonia (NH3) and nitrite (NO2-) oxidation is crucial for soil nitrification.
  • Factors regulating the dynamic coupling of these microbial activities remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the short-term dynamics of nitrite oxidation and NO2- accumulation in response to ammonia addition.
  • To determine the role of bacterial protein synthesis in regulating NO2- consumption rates.

Main Methods:

  • Soil slurry incubation with ammonium (NH4+) addition and protein synthesis inhibitors.
  • Monitoring of nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) pools over time.
  • Quantification of maximum NO2- consumption rates and analysis of nxrA/nxrB gene abundance.

Main Results:

  • Nitrite initially accumulated, followed by a decline or slowed accumulation, correlating with increased nitrate.
  • Protein synthesis inhibitors blocked the decline in nitrite accumulation, indicating a role for new protein synthesis.
  • Maximum nitrite consumption rates doubled without inhibitors but remained unchanged with inhibitors, despite no change in specific gene abundances.
  • No significant changes in the apparent half-saturation constant (Km) for nitrite consumption were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Soil nitrite oxidizers exhibit phenotypic flexibility, rapidly increasing NO2- consumption rates via protein synthesis.
  • This adaptive response helps to recouple nitrification when ammonia oxidation rates increase.
  • The study highlights the importance of microbial physiological responses in maintaining soil nitrogen cycling stability.