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Related Concept Videos

Interphase00:54

Interphase

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The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
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Interphase00:56

Interphase

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The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
Phases of Interphase
Following each period of mitosis and cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells enter interphase, during which they grow and replicate...
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Microtubules01:35

Microtubules

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There are three types of cytoskeletal structures in eukaryotic cells—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the thickest of these fibers. Microtubules carry out a variety of functions that include cell structure and support, transport of organelles, cell motility (movement), and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends
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Two-step interphase microtubule disassembly aids spindle morphogenesis.

Nunu Mchedlishvili1, Helen K Matthews1, Adam Corrigan1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and the IPLS, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.

BMC Biology
|January 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitotic entry involves a two-step microtubule disassembly process. Inactivation of Ensconsin/MAP7 and tubulin concentration changes drive microtubule remodelling for proper cell division.

Keywords:
Ensconsin/MAP7Microtubules Multipolar spindleMitosisNuclear envelope breakdownSpindle assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Cytoskeletal Dynamics
  • Mitosis

Background:

  • Cell division (mitosis) requires significant cell shape and cytoskeletal reorganization.
  • Microtubule (MT) dynamics are crucial for mitotic progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of interphase microtubule disassembly during mitotic entry in human cells.
  • To elucidate the role of specific proteins and cellular events in microtubule remodelling.

Main Methods:

  • Studied human flat mitotic cells to observe microtubule dynamics.
  • Investigated the phosphorylation of Ensconsin/MAP7 by Cdk1/cyclin B.
  • Monitored tubulin heterodimer concentration changes.

Main Results:

  • Identified a two-step process for interphase microtubule disassembly.
  • Ensconsin/MAP7 inactivation in prophase reduces MT stability, potentially aiding microtubule growth.
  • Peripheral MTs are lost due to falling tubulin levels after nuclear envelope breakdown.
  • Failure to destabilize MTs causes clumping, hindering spindle assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Step-wise microtubule cytoskeleton remodelling is vital for mitotic entry.
  • Nuclear envelope permeabilization coordinates cellular organization and biochemistry during mitosis.