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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
Published on: October 12, 2018
Stigma and Discrimination: Threats to Living Positively with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
1Academy of Inclusive Learning and Social Growth, WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way, Prillaman Hall, Room 4211, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA.
Abstract:
Antiretroviral therapy and care advances have resulted in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) living longer and enjoying a higher level of physical well-being. Despite such advances, individuals with HIV continue to confront challenges to living positively, including facing the secondary epidemic of stigma and discrimination. Following is a historical overview of the concept of stigma and an exploration of the causes and consequences of multilevel stigma for individuals with HIV. Strategies used by individuals and societies to manage stigma and avoid negative experiences also are examined.
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