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The Effects of Similarity on High-Level Visual Working Memory Processing.

Li Yang1, Lei Mo1

  • 1Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

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Summary

Visual working memory (VWM) for complex objects shows moderate similarity impairs recall more than high or low similarity. This finding suggests a center-surround inhibition organization in VWM, potentially varying by category.

Keywords:
centre-surround inhibition formatchange-detection taskreal-world stimulisimilarityvisual working memory (VWM)

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Existing research presents conflicting findings on how object similarity impacts visual working memory (VWM).
  • Understanding these discrepancies is crucial for a comprehensive model of VWM.
  • Complex, real-world objects pose unique challenges for VWM compared to simple stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile contradictory findings regarding similarity effects in VWM for complex images.
  • To investigate the underlying organizational principles of VWM for real-world objects.
  • To examine whether category-specific factors influence similarity effects in VWM.

Main Methods:

  • A change-detection paradigm was employed to assess VWM performance.
  • Participants viewed multiple complex, real-world objects (faces and scenes).
  • Manipulations included stimulus type, encoding duration, and presentation format.

Main Results:

  • Working memory performance was poorest for items of moderate similarity.
  • This moderate similarity disadvantage persisted across various experimental conditions (stimulus type, encoding duration, presentation format).
  • The magnitude of similarity effects varied between object categories (faces vs. scenes).

Conclusions:

  • Complex real-world objects are likely represented via a center-surround inhibition organization within VWM.
  • Findings support the category-specific cortical resource theory.
  • The organization of center-surround inhibition in VWM may be category-dependent.