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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
Published on: February 13, 2017
Porphyrin-Based Symmetric Redox-Flow Batteries towards Cold-Climate Energy Storage
Ting Ma1, Zeng Pan1, Licheng Miao1
1State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Abstract:
Electrochemical energy storage with redox-flow batteries (RFBs) under subzero temperature is of great significance for the use of renewable energy in cold regions. However, RFBs are generally used above 10 °C. Herein we present non-aqueous organic RFBs based on 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (H2 TPP) as a bipolar redox-active material (anode: [H2 TPP]2- /H2 TPP, cathode: H2 TPP/[H2 TPP]2+ ) and a Y-zeolite-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (Y-PVDF) ion-selective membrane with high ionic conductivity as a separator. The constructed RFBs exhibit a high volumetric capacity of 8.72 Ah L-1 with a high voltage of 2.83 V and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention exceeding 99.98 % per cycle) in the temperature range between 20 and -40 °C. Our study highlights principles for the design of RFBs that operate at low temperatures, thus offering a promising approach to electrochemical energy storage under cold-climate conditions.
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