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A Method for Evaluating Insecticide Efficacy against Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius, Eggs and First Instars
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Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Does Not Decrease Survival or Reproduction of the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius.

Jennifer K Peterson1, Renzo Salazar2, Ricardo Castillo-Neyra1

  • 1Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi in lab settings. However, T. cruzi infection does not negatively impact bed bug survival or reproduction, suggesting other factors limit natural transmission.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Parasitology
  • Vector-borne Diseases

Background:

  • The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is closely associated with humans and feeds on blood, raising concerns about its potential role in pathogen transmission.
  • While not currently recognized as a vector for human pathogens, bed bugs' feeding habits warrant investigation into their vectorial capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vectorial competence of Cimex lectularius for Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease.
  • To determine if Trypanosoma cruzi infection negatively affects the fitness (survival and reproduction) of Cimex lectularius, potentially explaining the lack of natural transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Cimex lectularius were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi by feeding on infected mice.
  • Infected and uninfected bed bugs were compared for survival rates and reproductive output (egg production).
  • Juvenile and adult bed bug fitness parameters were assessed under controlled laboratory conditions.

Main Results:

  • Cimex lectularius successfully acquired and transmitted Trypanosoma cruzi to naive mice in laboratory experiments.
  • Trypanosoma cruzi infection showed variable effects on bed bug survival and reproduction, with no consistent negative impacts observed.
  • Infected adult female bed bugs tended to exhibit increased longevity and egg production compared to controls, though with greater variability.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased fitness of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Cimex lectularius is not the reason for the absence of natural transmission in the field.
  • While bed bugs can be infected with and transmit Trypanosoma cruzi experimentally, factors other than reduced fitness likely prevent natural Chagas disease transmission by these vectors.