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[A case-series analysis of tuberculosis in pediatric patients treated in a tertiary level hospital]
José Guillermo Vázquez Rosales1, Cynthia Acosta Gallegos1, María Guadalupe Miranda Novales2
1Departamento de Infectología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
Insights
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment were analyzed in 93 children. Most cases showed successful treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis for effective management of childhood TB.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant challenge, particularly severe forms in children under five.
- Complex diagnosis in pediatric TB necessitates focused research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe clinical presentation, frequency, diagnostic methods, and treatment response in pediatric TB patients.
- To evaluate TB management in a tertiary care setting.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 93 children diagnosed with TB (2010-2013).
- Analysis of medical records based on NOM-006-SSA2-2013 criteria.
- Descriptive statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- Pulmonary TB (30.1%) and lymph node TB (24.7%) were most common.
- Fever and weight loss were prevalent symptoms (50% and 40%).
- High treatment success rate (94.6%) with no associated mortality.
Conclusions:
- Combining clinical symptoms with chest radiography and PPD tests aids presumptive diagnosis.
- Early and appropriate treatment is crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric TB.
Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge because severe forms occur most frequently in children under 5 years of age and the diagnosis is complex. The objective of this paper was to describe the clinical presentation, frequency, diagnostic methods used and response to treatment in children with TB treated at a tertiary level hospital.
Methods:
The study was retrospective and descriptive of a cohort of consecutive cases treated from January 2010 to December 2013. Ninety-three medical records of children diagnosed with TB according to the definition of the NOM-006-SSA2-2013 were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis.
Results:
From 93 children, 58% were male (mean age of 7 years), 97% with a history of BCG vaccination, and 6% had contact with a TB case. The most frequent clinical forms were pulmonary (30.1%), lymph node (24.7%), miliary/disseminated (16.1%), meningeal (13%), and osteal TB (7.5%). The most common symptoms were fever and weight loss (50% and 40%, respectively). BAAR and culture were positive in 26% and 7% of all cases, respectively. The histopathological study was conclusive in 90% of the cases. The treatment was successful in 94.6%, with not associated mortality.
Conclusions:
The association of clinical symptoms with alterations in chest radiography and positive PPD are useful in establishing the presumptive diagnosis and an early and appropriate treatment.
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