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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium
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Ketamine intervention limits pathogen expansion in vitro.

German Torres1, Christopher L Hoehmann1, Joshua A Cuoco1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Blvd, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA.

Pathogens and Disease
|January 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ketamine limits the growth of fungi and bacteria at doses effective for treating depression. This suggests ketamine may target ion channels common to microbes and humans, impacting microbial communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Ketamine is a clinically significant drug with therapeutic effects.
  • Its efficacy is partly due to action on ion channels found in biological systems.
  • Ion channels are crucial for cellular function across diverse organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of ketamine on microbial growth.
  • To explore potential shared mechanisms of ion channel function between microbes and humans.
  • To assess ketamine's impact on specific fungal and bacterial species in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms.
  • Exposure to ketamine at doses relevant to clinical applications.
  • Observation of growth and spatial expansion inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Ketamine inhibited the growth and spatial expansion of *Stachybotrys chartarum* (fungus), *Staphylococcus epidermidis* (bacterium), and *Borrelia burgdorferi* (bacterium).
  • These effects were observed at doses effective in reducing depression-like behaviors in mouse models.
  • Findings suggest functional similarities between microbial and human ion channels.

Conclusions:

  • Ketamine exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties.
  • The study hypothesizes a role for L-glutamate signal transduction in ketamine's antimicrobial effects.
  • Ketamine may affect microbial communities by targeting conserved ion channel functions, extending beyond neuronal action.