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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.7K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
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Comparative Lesions Analysis Through a Targeted Sequencing Approach
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Intratumor heterogeneity in epigenetic patterns.

Yassen Assenov1, David Brocks1, Clarissa Gerhäuser1

  • 1Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumor cells exhibit genetic and epigenetic diversity, influencing their evolution and treatment response. Understanding these variations is crucial for effective cancer therapy.

Keywords:
(Sub-)clonal evolutionCancer stem cellsChromatinDNA methylationEpigenetic intratumor heterogeneityEpigenetic therapyHistone posttranscriptional modificationsSingle-cell analysis

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tumors comprise millions of genetically diverse cells, complicating treatment.
  • Genetic heterogeneity alone doesn't fully explain tumor plasticity and varied responses to stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of epigenetic diversity in tumor evolution and therapy resistance.
  • To explore how epigenetic variations contribute to functional states of cancer subclones.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic variants within tumors.
  • Assessment of epigenetic diversity across cancer cell populations.
  • Correlation of epigenetic profiles with tumor micro-environmental adaptations.

Main Results:

  • Genetic profiling reveals tumor clonal origins and aids in predicting therapy response.
  • Epigenetic diversity provides additional insights beyond genetic heterogeneity.
  • Epigenetic variations are linked to functional states and adaptability of cancer subclones.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic diversity is a key factor in understanding tumor evolution and resistance to therapies.
  • Integrating epigenetic analysis with genetic profiling offers a more comprehensive view of tumor biology.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms may offer new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.