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A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation
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Current Perspectives in Cardiac Laterality.

Marina Campione1, Diego Franco2

  • 1CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy. campione@bio.unipd.it.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac looping establishes heart asymmetry, a vital process regulated by molecular signals. Nodal and Pitx2 are key players, influencing heart development and linking laterality to atrial fibrillation.

Keywords:
Pitx2atrial identityheart lateralityheart loopingleft/right asymmetrynodal

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Molecular Genetics

Background:

  • The heart is the first organ to break symmetry during embryonic development, initiating dextral looping.
  • Cardiac looping is essential for chamber differentiation and achieving the heart's final topology and function.
  • Molecular signals directing left/right asymmetry precede morphological changes and are crucial for proper heart development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac looping and laterality.
  • To discuss the roles of Nodal and Pitx2 in cardiac development and asymmetry.
  • To explore the connection between cardiac laterality and atrial fibrillation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on cardiac looping and laterality.
  • Analysis of data from various animal models.
  • Focus on the signaling pathways involving Nodal and Pitx2.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac asymmetry is a highly regulated process critical for heart form and function.
  • A complex regulatory network converges on Nodal signaling and its downstream target, Pitx2.
  • Pitx2 plays a significant morphogenetic role and influences transcriptional properties linked to atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions:

  • Nodal and Pitx2 are central to establishing cardiac left/right asymmetry.
  • Understanding Pitx2's function provides insights into cardiac development and related pathologies like atrial fibrillation.
  • Further research into these pathways can illuminate mechanisms of congenital heart defects and arrhythmias.