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The Adenosine Receptor Antagonist, 7-Methylxanthine, Alters Emmetropizing Responses in Infant Macaques

Li-Fang Hung1,2, Baskar Arumugam1,2, Lisa Ostrin1

  • 1College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

7-methylxanthine (7-MX) altered refractive development in rhesus monkeys. This adenosine receptor antagonist reduced myopia progression and induced hyperopia, suggesting therapeutic potential for myopia control.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Myopia progression is a significant concern.
  • Adenosine receptor antagonists, like 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), have shown potential in slowing myopia.
  • The effect of 7-MX on compensatory refractive changes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether 7-methylxanthine (7-MX) alters compensatory refractive changes induced by defocus in rhesus monkeys.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of 7-MX in myopia control.

Main Methods:

  • Rhesus monkeys were reared with -3D or +3D spectacles from 3 weeks of age.
  • Monkeys received oral 7-MX (100 mg/kg twice daily) throughout the lens-rearing period.
  • Refractive status, corneal power, and axial dimensions were assessed biweekly.

Main Results:

  • Monkeys treated with 7-MX and -3D lenses did not develop expected myopia and became isometropic.
  • Monkeys treated with 7-MX and +3D lenses showed hyperopic anisometropias similar to controls.
  • Both 7-MX groups exhibited significant hyperopia compared to normal monkeys, associated with shorter vitreous chambers and thicker choroids.

Conclusions:

  • In primates, 7-MX reduced myopia induced by hyperopic defocus and increased hyperopic shifts with myopic defocus.
  • 7-MX also induced hyperopia in control eyes, suggesting a broader impact on refractive development.
  • These findings support the therapeutic potential of 7-MX for slowing myopia progression.

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