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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
Published on: September 11, 2019
Foot posture in female patients 5 years after breast-conserving surgery: a case-control study
Iwona Głowacka-Mrotek1, Magdalena Sowa2,3, Tomasz Nowikiewicz2,4
1Department of Rehabilitation, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland. iwona.glowacka@cm.umk.pl.
Purpose:
Along with the improvement in the outcomes of breast cancer treatment being observed in the recent years, long-term studies to assess distant adverse effects of the treatment have become increasingly important. The objective of this study was to assess the foot posture in patients subjected to breast-conserving therapy. The assessment was made 5 years after the surgical procedure.
Methods:
116 female patients (mean age of 58.75 years) were qualified into a case-control study. Foot posture on the operated breast side (F1) as well as on the contralateral side (F2) was evaluated using a computer-based foot analysis tool as an extension of projection moiré-based podoscopic examination. Comparisons were made for the following parameters: limb load, L-foot length, W-foot width, L/W-Wejsflog index, ALPHA-hallux valgus angle, BETA-little toe varus angle, GAMMA-heel angle, KY-Sztriter-Godunov index, CL-Clarke's angle, HW-heel width.
Results:
Five years after BCT, patients placed higher load on the foot on the side of the healthy breast (p = 0.0011). No statistically significant differences were observed between F1 and F2 with respect to other foot posture parameters (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in foot posture parameters in patients having undergone BCT + ALND (axillary lymph node dissection) procedure as compared to patients subjected to BCT + SLNB (sentinel lymph node biopsy) procedure (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
No changes in foot posture were observed in patients 5 years after the BCT procedure. The type of the surgical procedure related to the lymph nodes within the axillary fossa has no effect on changes in foot posture.
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