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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Rapid Isolation of Human Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Published on: November 14, 2025
Levels of PCDD/Fs, PBDEs, and PBDD/Fs in Breast Milk from Southern Taiwan
Men-Wen Chen1, Bryan Angelo A Castillo2, Din-Yan Lin1
1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, 912, Pingtung County, Taiwan.
Abstract:
This study investigates the congener-specific concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 25 breast milk samples from southern Taiwan. Most investigated congeners in Taiwanese breast milk are detectable except for PBDD/Fs. The geometric means of PCDD/Fs and PBDEs in the breast milk are 2.44 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g lipid and 2810 pg/g lipid. Several PCDD/F and PBDE congeners were highly correlated to each other like 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (r = 0.919, p < 0.001). The longest duration of menstruation could be predicted by BDE-153 (β = 0.252) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (β = 0.345) with adjustment of confounders using a multiple stepwise linear regression model (r = 0.963, p < 0.001).
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