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Acute-phase decrease of T lymphocyte subsets in rhinovirus infection.

R A Levandowski, D W Ou, G G Jackson

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

|April 1, 1986

Summary

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Rhinovirus infection significantly decreases T lymphocytes, particularly T helper cells, correlating with symptom severity and viral shedding. This highlights the role of T cells in common cold progression.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

The common cold, frequently caused by rhinoviruses, impacts immune responses.
Peripheral blood leukocyte populations are key indicators of immune status during viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte populations following rhinovirus challenge.
To determine the correlation between lymphocyte subset alterations and common cold symptom severity.

Main Methods:

Enumeration of peripheral blood leukocytes in volunteers intranasally inoculated with rhinovirus serotype 25.
Use of monoclonal antibodies to differentiate T cell (T11+, T3+, T4+, T8+) and B cell (B7+) populations.
Correlation analysis between leukocyte counts, symptom severity, and viral shedding.

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Main Results:

A significant decrease in total lymphocyte count was observed on day three post-infection (P < .01).
Significant reductions in total T cells (T11+, T3+) and T helper/inducer cells (T4+) were noted, but not in B cells.
Decreases in T3+, T11+, and T4+ lymphocytes strongly correlated with increased symptom severity and higher viral shedding rates.
An increase in non-lymphocyte leukocytes was associated with greater symptom severity.

Conclusions:

Rhinovirus infection leads to a significant reduction in circulating T lymphocytes, especially the T4+ subset.
T lymphocyte dynamics, particularly T4+ cells, are closely linked to the progression of rhinovirus infection and the manifestation of common cold symptoms.
Immune cell profiling provides insights into the pathogenesis of common cold infections.