Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mean free path and Mean free time

Mean free path and Mean free time

Consider the gas molecules in a cylinder. They move in a random motion as they collide with each other and change speed and direction. The average of all the path lengths between collisions is known as the "mean free path."

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...

Path Between Thermodynamics States

Path Between Thermodynamics States

Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:

Fineness of Cement

Fineness of Cement

The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...

Fineness Modulus

Fineness Modulus

The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Auditory detection of flowing water by humans in a natural habitat: Psychophysical and modelling dataa).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026

Same author

Spectro-temporal modulation templates for human perception of animal vocalisations in natural soundscapesa).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026

Same author

Modulation statistics of natural soundscapesa).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026

Same author

A physics-based low-order filter approximation for scattering from a rigid sphere.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026

Same author

Auditory discrimination and identification of time of day for natural soundscapesa).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025

Same author

Unaided and Aided Speech Intelligibility in a Real and Virtual Acoustic Environment.

Trends in hearing·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Published on: October 8, 2014

A two-path model of auditory modulation detection using temporal fine structure and envelope cues.

Stephan D Ewert¹, Nihaad Paraouty², Christian Lorenzi²

¹Medizinische Physik and Cluster of Excellence Hearing4All, Universität Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|January 26, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal fine structure (TFS) cues are crucial for understanding frequency modulation (FM) perception and are impaired by aging and hearing loss. This model reveals age-related declines in both monaural and binaural TFS processing.

Keywords:

amplitude modulation effect of age frequency modulation hearing loss interaural phase difference temporal fine structure

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

Published on: December 1, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

Published on: October 8, 2014

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

Published on: December 1, 2011

Area of Science:

Auditory Neuroscience
Psychoacoustics
Signal Processing

Background:

Previous models of auditory perception focused on temporal envelope cues but failed to accurately predict frequency modulation (FM) sensitivity.
Amplitude modulation and FM interference effects require a more comprehensive model incorporating temporal fine structure (TFS) cues.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an enhanced auditory model incorporating both envelope and TFS processing for FM perception.
To investigate the role of TFS cues in normal and impaired hearing, particularly concerning age-related changes.
To assess the relationship between monaural FM sensitivity and binaural temporal processing.

Main Methods:

A dual-path auditory model was developed, separating cochlear filtering into an envelope path and a TFS path.
TFS processing was quantified using the distribution of time intervals between successive zero-crossings.
The model's predictions were validated against psychophysical data on FM sensitivity and interaural phase difference detection.

Main Results:

Temporal fine structure (TFS) cues are essential for accurate frequency modulation (FM) perception in young, normal-hearing listeners.
TFS processing, both monaural and binaural, is significantly impaired in older normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners.
Binaural TFS sensitivity is considerably lower than monaural TFS sensitivity, with greater degradation observed in binaural processing with age and hearing loss.

Conclusions:

The enhanced model successfully explains FM perception by integrating envelope and TFS cues.
Age and hearing loss lead to significant impairments in TFS processing, impacting both monaural and binaural auditory functions.
This model offers a valuable tool for studying auditory processing mechanisms and the effects of aging and hearing impairment on FM sensitivity.