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Related Concept Videos

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Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
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Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 5, 2014

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Transfusion practices in traumatic brain injury.

James M East1, Julien Viau-Lapointe1, Victoria A McCredie1,2

  • 1Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto.

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Anemia is common in critically-ill traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, but red blood cell transfusions carry risks. Current evidence is insufficient to guide transfusion thresholds in TBI, necessitating a balance between anemia risks and transfusion complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurocritical care
  • Hematology
  • Critical care medicine

Background:

  • Anemia is prevalent in critically-ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • Anemia may worsen secondary brain injury and is linked to poorer outcomes.
  • Red blood cell transfusions, while potentially beneficial, carry inherent risks and have been associated with adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on anemia and red blood cell transfusion in critically-ill TBI patients.
  • To describe global variations in transfusion practices for TBI.
  • To outline ongoing trials comparing restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies in TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of transfusion practice variations.
  • Summary of ongoing clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Significant global disparities exist in hemoglobin thresholds for transfusion post-TBI.
  • Observational studies yield conflicting results on the impact of red blood cell transfusions on cerebral oxygenation and metabolism in TBI.
  • Anemia is common and associated with poor outcomes, while transfusions have associated risks.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence exists to establish definitive transfusion thresholds for critically-ill TBI patients.
  • The applicability of general critical care restrictive transfusion strategies to TBI patients remains uncertain.
  • Clinical decisions require careful consideration of the risks of anemia-induced brain injury versus transfusion-related complications.