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Hierarchical Design of Tissue Regenerative Constructs.
Jonas C Rose1, Laura De Laporte1
1DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, Aachen, D-52074, Germany.
Advanced Healthcare Materials
|January 26, 2018
Summary
Tissue engineering uses scaffolds, cells, and signals to regenerate organs. Advanced technologies like 3D bioprinting create complex tissue structures, but mimicking native tissues remains challenging for clinical translation.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Global organ shortage drives regenerative therapy advancements.
- Tissue engineering combines scaffolds, signals, and cells for organ repair.
- Creating suitable 3D environments for cell-induced tissue formation is a key challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review essential components of tissue regenerating scaffolds.
- To elaborate on pivotal technologies for creating complex tissue constructs.
- To highlight challenges and future directions in tissue regeneration.
Main Methods:
- Hierarchical review of scaffold components (molecular to macroscopic).
- Elaboration on technologies: photopatterning, electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, micrometer-scale assembly.
- Discussion of methods for incorporating native-like heterogeneities.
Main Results:
- Scaffolds require hierarchical design from molecular to macroscopic levels.
- Pivotal technologies enable creation of heterogeneous tissue constructs.
- Methods can mimic diverse tissues like cartilage, bone, nerves, muscle, heart, and blood vessels.
Conclusions:
- Mimicking native tissue structure, architecture, and spatiotemporal control remains difficult.
- Advancements in biomaterial chemistry and aqueous assembly are crucial.
- Development of clinically translatable therapies requires overcoming current hurdles.
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