[Characterization of the Russian beef cattle breed gene pools using inter simple sequence repeat DNA analysis (ISSR...

Area of Science:

• Animal Genetics
• Molecular Biology
• Population Genetics

Background:

• Characterizing gene pools is crucial for effective cattle breeding and conservation.
• Understanding genetic diversity within and between breeds informs management strategies.
• Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) DNA analysis offers a valuable tool for assessing genetic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize the genetic diversity of Russian beef cattle breeds using ISSR analysis.
• To compare genetic profiles of Russian breeds with Hereford cattle and their hybrids.
• To evaluate the genetic integrity and relationships among examined beef cattle populations.

Main Methods:

• DNA samples from Aberdeen Angus, Kalmyk, Kazakh Whitehead (Russia & Kazakhstan), and Hereford breeds were analyzed.
• Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) DNA analysis was employed to identify genetic markers.
• Polymorphic fragments and genetic diversity indices (Nei’s, Shannon) were calculated.

Main Results:

• 27 AG-ISSR fragments were identified, with 25 being polymorphic across the breeds.
• Hybrid animals showed loss of parental ISSR fragments, indicating genome rearrangement.
• Genetic diversity levels were typical for farmed populations; Kalmyk and Kazakh Whitehead breeds showed highest diversity.
• High genetic similarity (Nei’s) was observed between Russian breeds and Hereford cattle (0.769–0.839).

Conclusions:

• Russian beef cattle breeds exhibit genetic diversity comparable to other farmed populations.
• ISSR analysis effectively differentiates breeds and reveals genetic changes in hybrids.
• Significant genetic similarity exists between Russian beef cattle and Hereford breeds, suggesting shared ancestry or introgression.