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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Veins of Upper Limbs01:17

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The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
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Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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EphB4: A promising target for upper aerodigestive malignancies.

Ravi Salgia1, Prakash Kulkarni1, Prakash S Gill2

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, United States.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is crucial in upper aerodigestive cancers. Targeting EphB4 offers a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and mesothelioma.

Keywords:
EphB4Head and neck cancerLung cancerMesotheliomaReceptor tyrosine kinase

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
  • Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands mediate critical cell communication during embryonic development.
  • Dysregulation of Eph/ephrin signaling is implicated in cancer progression, including tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments on the role of EphB4 in upper aerodigestive malignancies.
  • To summarize EphB4 structure, function, and pathobiological role in these cancers.
  • To discuss EphB4 as a potential therapeutic and immunotherapy target.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in EphB4 research.
  • Analysis of EphB4 structure, function, and disease pathobiology.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting EphB4.

Main Results:

  • EphB4 plays a significant role in the pathobiology of lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and mesothelioma.
  • EphB4 exhibits potential as a pharmacological and immunotherapy target.
  • Progress has been made in developing small molecule inhibitors targeting EphB4 activity.

Conclusions:

  • EphB4 is a valuable therapeutic target for upper aerodigestive malignancies.
  • Targeting EphB4 may offer new treatment avenues for these cancers.
  • Further research into EphB4-targeted therapies is warranted.