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The modulating effect of education on semantic interference during healthy aging
Daniela Paolieri1, Alejandra Marful2, Luis Morales3
1Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Plos One
|January 26, 2018
Summary
Aging impairs name retrieval, influenced by education. Lower educated older adults show greater semantic interference, especially in face naming, suggesting combined inhibitory and transmission deficits.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Psychology of Aging
Background:
- Aging is associated with name retrieval difficulties.
- These deficits are often explained by phonological transmission or inhibitory deficit hypotheses.
- Educational level can modulate age-related cognitive decline.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the roles of inhibitory and transmission deficits in object and face naming impairments in aging.
- To examine the influence of educational level on these naming processes.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the semantic-blocking paradigm with older adults (low and high education) and young adults (high education).
- Compared naming performance in semantically homogeneous versus heterogeneous contexts.
- Assessed both object and face naming accuracy and speed.
Main Results:
- Semantic interference (slower naming in homogeneous context) was observed for both faces and objects, with a stronger effect for faces.
- Older adults with lower educational levels exhibited a more pronounced semantic interference effect during face naming.
- This suggests that lower education exacerbates age-related inhibitory deficits.
Conclusions:
- Age-related naming impairments likely result from a combination of inhibitory and transmission deficits.
- Lower educational attainment amplifies semantic interference, particularly for face naming, indicating a failure in inhibitory mechanisms.
- The specific impact on face naming aligns with theories of increased age-related difficulties in proper name retrieval.
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