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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
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Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays
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Glycan-directed CAR-T cells.

Catharina Steentoft1, Denis Migliorini2, Tiffany R King2

  • 1Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Odontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Glycobiology
|January 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy shows promise for blood cancers. Targeting cancer-specific cell surface glycans, like MUC1, offers a new strategy to improve CAR-T cell effectiveness against solid tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is effective against hematologic malignancies but faces challenges in solid tumors.
  • Solid tumors present obstacles like heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and a lack of specific targets.
  • Post-translational modifications on cancer cells can create unique cell surface targets for CAR-T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the field of glycan-directed CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.
  • To discuss antibody-based targeting of cancer-specific glycans.
  • To explore the potential of targeting the tumor glycoproteome and glycome for improved immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on glycan-targeting antibodies and CAR-T cell applications.
  • Discussion of antibody generation for glycan specificity, including O-glycopeptide antibodies.
  • Analysis of previously demonstrated efficacy of MUC1-glycan-targeting CAR-T cells in preclinical models.

Main Results:

  • CAR-T cells targeting aberrant O-glycosylation of MUC1 demonstrated control of malignant growth in mouse models.
  • Various classes of glycan-specific antibodies have been developed for therapeutic targeting.
  • The study highlights the potential of targeting tumor-specific glycans.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting cancer-specific glycans represents a promising strategy to overcome challenges in solid tumor immunotherapy.
  • Further development of glycan-directed CAR-T cells could significantly enhance cancer treatment outcomes.
  • Exploiting the tumor glycome and glycoproteome offers a novel avenue for CAR-T cell therapy.