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Related Concept Videos

Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

796
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

639
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
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Rethinking Disability.

Alarcos Cieza1, Carla Sabariego2, Jerome Bickenbach3

  • 1Department of Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. ciezaa@who.int.

BMC Medicine
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disability is a universal human experience, not solely defined by health conditions. The World Health Organization

Keywords:
DisabilityDisability and HealthGlobal Burden of DiseaseHealth Status IndicatorsInternational Classification of FunctioningModel Disability SurveyPublic Health

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Growing global life expectancy and the shift towards noncommunicable diseases necessitate a greater focus on disability as a health outcome.
  • Existing metrics for disease impact, like those from the Global Burden of Disease study, need to encompass disability's non-fatal health consequences.
  • The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework views disability as an interaction between health conditions and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of disability as a critical health outcome, particularly in the context of aging populations and the rise of noncommunicable diseases.
  • To introduce the World Health Organization's Model Disability Survey (MDS) as a tool for comprehensive disability measurement.
  • To advocate for a broader understanding of disability as a universal human experience on a continuum.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses the development and principles behind the Model Disability Survey (MDS) by the World Health Organization.
  • The MDS is designed to collect data on individuals' capacity and performance in daily activities, environmental facilitators/barriers, and health conditions.
  • It emphasizes a measurement approach that allows fair comparisons across diverse health conditions for intervention evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Disability is a universal human experience, affecting everyone along a continuum of functioning.
  • Disability is not solely determined by a health condition but arises from the interaction with environmental and personal factors.
  • The Model Disability Survey (MDS) provides a framework for understanding the lived experience of disability.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding and measurement of disability are crucial for public health and policy.
  • The MDS is a vital tool for monitoring progress on disability inclusion within global development agendas, such as the Sustainable Development Goals.
  • Mainstreaming disability in public discourse requires recognizing it as a universal human experience.