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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
Treatment of refractory thyroid cancer
Amandine Berdelou1, Livia Lamartina2, Michele Klain3
1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, TUTHYREF (Tumeurs de la Thyroïde Réfractaires) Network, Gustave Roussy and University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
Abstract:
Distant metastases from thyroid cancer of follicular origin are uncommon. Treatment includes levothyroxine administration, focal treatment modalities with surgery, external radiation therapy and thermal ablation, and radioiodine in patients with uptake of 131I in their metastases. Two-thirds of distant metastases become refractory to radioiodine at some point, and when there is a significant tumor burden and documented progression on imaging, a treatment with a kinase inhibitor may provide benefits.
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