Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development

As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Compact Bone

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Kidney Biopsy of a Patient With Double Positive Antiglomerular Basement Membrane and Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies.

Kidney medicine·2026

Same author

Kidney Histological Findings in a Patient Triple Seropositive for Myeloperoxidase and Proteinase 3 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies and Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody: A Rare Case Report.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2026

Same author

Distinct glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury pathways in infective endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis: a case series.

Clinical and experimental nephrology·2026

Same author

APOL1-risk alleles modulate T-cell receptor signaling to promote allograft rejection.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026

Same author

Balancing Glomerular Adequacy and Bleeding Risk in Native Kidney Biopsy: A Multicenter Cohort Study of Multiple Needle Passes.

Kidney medicine·2026

Same author

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis that Manifested after Administration of Benralizumab in a Patient with Refractory Recurrent Bronchial Asthma.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Published on: August 1, 2017

[Development of methodology for living bone imaging.]

Hiroki Mizuno¹, Masaru Ishii¹

¹Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan.

Clinical Calcium

|January 27, 2018

Summary

Recent advances in fluorescent imaging technology allow real-time observation of cell dynamics within living bone tissue. This review details improved two-photon microscopy methods for minimally invasive intravital imaging and data analysis.

More Related Videos

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Published on: April 1, 2017

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

Published on: April 12, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Published on: August 1, 2017

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Published on: April 1, 2017

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

High-resolution Live Imaging of Cell Behavior in the Developing Neuroepithelium

Published on: April 12, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Skeletal Biology

Background:

Bone tissue harbors diverse cells crucial for metabolism and hematopoiesis.
Observing live bone tissue dynamics was previously challenging.
Fluorescent imaging technology has advanced the study of bone microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review intravital imaging methodologies for live bone tissue.
To highlight advancements in two-photon microscopy for deep tissue imaging.
To enable real-time analysis of cellular dynamics in living bone.

Main Methods:

Utilizing improved two-photon microscopy for deep, minimally invasive imaging.
Establishing in vivo imaging techniques for live bone tissue.
Developing methods for analyzing cellular movement and morphology in real-time.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the capability to observe deep bone tissue with minimal invasiveness.
Established a method for real-time imaging of cellular dynamics in living bone.
Provided a framework for analyzing complex cellular behaviors within the bone marrow.

Conclusions:

Intravital imaging, particularly with advanced two-photon microscopy, offers unprecedented insights into bone biology.
This methodology facilitates the study of cellular morphology and dynamics in their native environment.
The reviewed techniques are crucial for understanding bone metabolism and disease progression.