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Related Concept Videos

Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Compact Bone01:27

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Spongy Bone01:09

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes
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Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes

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[Intravital bone imaging ~Osteocyte.]

Hiroshige Sano1, Naoki Kondo2, Naoto Endo2

  • 1Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences/Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan/Bone Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK.

Clinical Calcium
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New imaging techniques reveal osteocytes (bone cells) are not dormant. Sciatic neurectomy caused changes in osteocyte microenvironment, showing their dynamic role in bone homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Cellular physiology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, were historically considered inactive.
  • Emerging evidence highlights their crucial roles in bone homeostasis and endocrine regulation.
  • Studying osteocytes in vivo is challenging due to their location within mineralized bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize the osteocytic lacuno-canalicular system in vivo.
  • To investigate the effects of sciatic neurectomy on osteocytes.
  • To assess the utility of two-photon intravital microscopy for osteocyte analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Intravital bone imaging using two-photon excitation microscopy.
  • Sciatic neurectomy in a model system.
  • Analysis of osteocytic lacuno-canalicular system morphology and microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Direct visualization of the osteocytic lacuno-canalicular system was achieved.
  • Sciatic neurectomy led to significant acidification around osteocytic lacunae.
  • Enlargement of lacuno-canalicular areas was observed following neurectomy.

Conclusions:

  • Two-photon intravital microscopy is a valuable tool for in vivo osteocyte analysis.
  • Osteocytes respond dynamically to physiological changes, such as nerve injury.
  • These findings advance our understanding of bone cell function and bone homeostasis.