Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

5.3K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.3K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.5K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.5K
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation01:29

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation

963
In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
963
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

868
Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
868
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

30.1K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
30.1K
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

1.3K
The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Ophthalmology Consultations in Paediatric Inpatient Rehabilitation-A Retrospective Case-Note Analysis.

Journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Outcome of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in a Paediatric Population.

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same author

Functional and structural outcomes in paediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): a prospective study.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

The Phenotypic and Genotypic Features of ADAMTSL4-Related Ocular Disease.

Clinical genetics·2025
Same author

APOSTEL-R Recommendations for Reporting Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Studies in Rodents.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.1K

Outer Retinal Dysfunction in the Absence of Structural Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis.

James V M Hanson1,2, Michael Hediger3, Praveena Manogaran2,4

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show outer retinal dysfunction, even without visible structural changes. Full-field electroretinogram (ERG) peak times, not amplitudes, are key for detecting this retinal dysfunction in MS.

More Related Videos

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.1K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.8K
A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Multiple Sclerosis MS

Published on: December 26, 2015

18.1K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Multiple Sclerosis Research

Background:

  • Emerging evidence points to structural changes beyond the inner retina in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The functional impact of these proposed outer retinal abnormalities in MS remains largely undetermined.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for comprehensive MS patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate outer retinal function and structure in MS patients.
  • To quantify the influence of outer retinal structure on function in MS.
  • To explore potential primary retinal abnormalities in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed outer retinal function using full-field and multifocal electroretinogram (ERG/MF-ERG).
  • Evaluated retinal structure with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  • Analyzed correlations between electrophysiology parameters and OCT findings.

Main Results:

  • Most ERG responses in MS patients were delayed, irrespective of optic neuritis (ON) history.
  • Inner retinal thickness and volumes were reduced in eyes with prior ON; other OCT parameters were normal.
  • OCT results correlated with ERG amplitudes, but not peak times or MF-ERG parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Outer retinal dysfunction occurs in MS patients without detectable structural abnormalities in corresponding layers.
  • Findings suggest primary retinal abnormalities distal to the inner retina may be more widespread in MS.
  • ERG peak time analysis is recommended for detecting retinal dysfunction in MS, potentially more so than MF-ERG.