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Myasthenia gravis and infectious disease
Nils Erik Gilhus1,2, Fredrik Romi3, Yu Hong4
1Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. nils.gilhus@uib.no.
Journal of Neurology
|January 27, 2018
Summary
Infections can trigger or worsen myasthenia gravis (MG). While generally recommended, vaccinations and antibiotic treatments for MG patients require careful consideration due to potential complications and interactions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness.
- Immunosuppressive treatments are common in MG management.
- Both the disease and its treatments can influence infection risk and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between myasthenia gravis and infections.
- To outline implications for infection prophylaxis and treatment in MG patients.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science.
- Relevant keywords and keyword combinations were utilized.
- Full-text articles were selected based on title and abstract screening.
Main Results:
- Infections can precipitate or exacerbate myasthenia gravis.
- No specific pathogen has been definitively linked to triggering MG.
- Immunosuppression and thymectomy slightly elevate infection risk.
Conclusions:
- Active treatment of infections is crucial in MG patients.
- Certain antibiotics should be avoided due to potential neuromuscular transmission interference.
- Hospitalization and intensive care may be needed for MG exacerbations during infections.
- Vaccinations are advised, but live vaccines should be used cautiously in immunosuppressed individuals.
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