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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Some further clarifications on age-related differences in Stroop interference.

Maria Augustinova1,2, David Clarys3, Nicolas Spatola4

  • 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. maria.augustinova@univ-rouen.fr.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Healthy older adults exhibit greater Stroop interference due to response conflict, not semantic conflict. Both age groups effectively focus attention and suppress word meanings, but older adults struggle more with response suppression.

Keywords:
AgingAttentional selectivityResponse conflictSemantic conflictSingle-letter coloring and cueingStroop interference

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Aging Research

Background:

  • Age-related differences in Stroop interference are typically inferred indirectly.
  • The precise locus and underlying processes of these age differences remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly investigate the locus and processes of age-related differences in Stroop interference.
  • To differentiate between semantic and response conflict contributions to Stroop interference in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the semantic Stroop paradigm combined with a single-letter coloring and cuing (SLCC) procedure.
  • Compared younger (18-26 years) and healthy older adults (72-97 years).
  • Utilized an all letters colored and cued (ALCC) condition for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed greater overall Stroop interference compared to younger adults.
  • These differences were attributed to increased response conflict in older adults.
  • Semantic conflict remained unchanged by aging and the SLCC procedure.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related Stroop interference differences are localized at the level of response conflict.
  • Both age groups demonstrate similar efficiency in attentional focus and word meaning suppression.
  • Older adults exhibit reduced efficiency in suppressing pre-response activity triggered by word meaning.