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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Microphysiologic Platform for Human Fat: Sandwiched White Adipose Tissue
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Statins decrease leptin expression in human white adipocytes.

Prachi Singh1, Yuebo Zhang1, Pragya Sharma1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Physiological Reports
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Statins may increase calorie intake by directly reducing leptin, a key satiety hormone, in human fat cells. This study reveals statins decrease leptin expression and secretion, potentially impacting appetite regulation.

Keywords:
Leptinsatietystatins

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Statin use is linked to increased calorie intake and weight gain.
  • This effect may stem from altered satiety signals, such as leptin, an adipokine produced by adipocytes.
  • The direct impact of statins on leptin expression requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct effects of statins on leptin expression and secretion in human white adipocytes.
  • To elucidate the molecular pathways involved in statin-mediated regulation of leptin.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured human white adipocytes were treated with atorvastatin and simvastatin.
  • Leptin mRNA expression and secretion were measured.
  • The involvement of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathways was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Both atorvastatin and simvastatin significantly decreased leptin mRNA expression and secretion in adipocytes.
  • These effects were mediated through the ERK1/2 and PPARγ pathways.
  • Statin treatment also increased adiponectin and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) mRNA and secretion.

Conclusions:

  • Statins directly regulate adipokine secretion in human white adipocytes.
  • The observed decrease in leptin expression and secretion by statins may contribute to increased food intake in statin users.
  • These findings highlight a novel mechanism linking statin therapy to appetite regulation.