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Brain gray matter volume differences in obese youth with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
Jacob M Redel1,2, Mark DiFrancesco3,4, Jennifer Vannest1,5
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|January 27, 2018
Summary
Obese youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) show reduced brain gray matter volume (GMV) globally and in specific regions compared to healthy peers. Further research is needed to confirm if T2D directly causes these brain differences.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibit reduced gray matter volume (GMV).
- It remains unclear if similar GMV differences are present in youth with T2D.
- This study investigates GMV in obese youth with T2D compared to healthy controls.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare global and regional gray matter volume (GMV) in obese youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) versus age, race, and sex-matched healthy controls.
- To identify specific brain regions affected by T2D in adolescents.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 20 obese youth with T2D and 20 healthy controls.
- T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized for all participants.
- Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to analyze differences in global and regional GMV.
Main Results:
- Youth with T2D had a significantly lower global GMV-to-intracranial volume ratio compared to controls (p=0.02).
- Fourteen brain regions showed significantly lower GMV in the T2D group, with nine located in the temporal or occipital lobes.
- Six regions exhibited increased GMV in the T2D group, with all regional differences being statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
- Obese youth with T2D demonstrate significantly reduced global and regional GMV compared to their healthy peers.
- These findings suggest potential structural brain alterations associated with adolescent-onset T2D.
- Further investigation is required to establish a direct causal link between T2D and observed brain changes.
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