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Related Concept Videos

Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

Salivary Glands and Saliva

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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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Alveoli and Alveolar Ducts01:26

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The respiratory zone of the human body, which stands in contrast to the conducting zone, comprises the structures that actively participate in the exchange of gases. The initiation of this zone is marked by the terminal bronchioles converging into respiratory bronchioles, the tiniest bronchiole classification. The respiratory bronchioles give way to the alveolar ducts that opens into a congregation of alveoli. Actively involved in gas exchange, alveoli resemble tiny sacs similar to clusters of...
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Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct01:24

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

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The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
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Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System01:25

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The male reproductive system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to produce and transport sperm. The epididymis, vasa deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra are the accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation. These ducts play a critical role in the production and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
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Reabsorption and Secretion in the DCT and Collecting Duct01:26

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The early phase of the DCT manages the reabsorption of approximately 10-15% of filtered water, 5–10% of filtered sodium, and 5–10% of filtered chloride. This process is facilitated by Na+–Cl− symporters in apical membranes and sodium-potassium pumps, as well as Cl− leakage channels in basolateral membranes. The early DCT also stands out as a site where parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium reabsorption, depending on the body's requirements.
The distal...
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Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

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Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct
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Cannulation of the Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland via the Wharton's Duct

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Salivary duct carcinoma.

Emmanuel D'heygere1,2, Jeroen Meulemans1,2, Vincent Vander Poorten1,2

  • 1Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|January 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is increasingly diagnosed, often aggressive. While surgery and radiation are standard, new targeted therapies are in clinical trials for advanced SDC.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy.
  • The 2017 WHO classification has updated the diagnostic criteria for SDC.
  • There is an increasing recognition and diagnosis of SDC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the genotype and phenotype of SDC.
  • To contextualize new findings within the 2017 WHO classification.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding SDC aggressiveness and molecular profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on salivary duct carcinoma.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria changes based on the 2017 WHO classification.
  • Synthesis of data on SDC incidence, biologic aggressiveness, and molecular characteristics.

Main Results:

  • SDC diagnosis is increasing, partly due to improved diagnostics and revised WHO definitions.
  • A significant portion of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is now classified as SDC.
  • Biologic aggressiveness is common, with perineural invasion, vascular invasion, and extracapsular extension observed in many patients.
  • High expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and androgen receptor is characteristic of SDC.
  • While many patients experience recurrence, 5-year disease-free survival indicates long-term stability.

Conclusions:

  • SDC is increasingly diagnosed and recognized for its aggressive nature.
  • Despite combined surgery and radiation, recurrence remains a challenge for many patients.
  • Targeted therapies addressing molecular mechanisms are under investigation in clinical trials for advanced SDC.