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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

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The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
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Pre-clinical Model of Cardiac Donation after Circulatory Death
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Competing Flow Between Partial Circulatory Support and Native Cardiac Output: A Clinical Computational Fluid Dynamics

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  • 1From the Department of Cardiac Surgery.

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Computational fluid dynamics revealed that partial circulatory support in heart failure patients can cause unfavorable blood flow collisions. This reduces the device

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Partial circulatory support offers a promising approach for managing heart failure.
  • Optimizing treatment efficacy requires a thorough understanding of induced hemodynamic changes.
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides a valuable tool for analyzing complex flow phenomena in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hemodynamic alterations induced by the Circulite Synergy Micro-pump in heart failure patients.
  • To quantify the impact of partial circulatory support on blood flow patterns and pressure dynamics.
  • To identify potential limitations in the effectiveness of continuous flow assist devices.

Main Methods:

  • Transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed on 10 patients with a Circulite Synergy Micro-pump.
  • Patients were stratified into high and low cardiac output (CO) groups.
  • Hemodynamic parameters, including supporting flow, reversed flow, and pressure dynamics, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Partial assist device support was highest during diastole and decreased during systole due to flow collisions.
  • Significantly higher reversed flow was observed in the high CO group during peak systole (p = 0.002).
  • Flow collisions led to increased total pressures in the device's outflow graft, potentially reducing support effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • CFD simulations effectively quantified hemodynamic alterations, including flow collisions, associated with partial circulatory support.
  • Partial support can induce unfavorable flow patterns that may counteract the intended circulatory assistance.
  • Understanding these induced hemodynamic changes is crucial for optimizing partial circulatory support strategies in heart failure.