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Related Concept Videos

True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

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Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Detection of True IgE-expressing Mouse B Lineage Cells
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The True Abuse of Futility.

Laura Miller-Smith

    Perspectives in Biology and Medicine
    |January 30, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Futility definitions are often misapplied in pediatric critical care, leading to ethical disputes. Clarifying the distinction between futile and inappropriate treatments is crucial for clear communication and decision-making.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Ethics
    • Pediatric Critical Care
    • Clinical Decision-Making

    Background:

    • The concept of futility in medicine has been broadly and often incorrectly applied, particularly in pediatric critical care.
    • This misapplication contributes to ethical debates and moral distress concerning treatment appropriateness rather than true physiological futility.
    • Existing definitions of futility, such as those by Schneiderman et al. (2017), are often inadequate for complex pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To critically examine the application of futility in clinical practice, especially in pediatric critical care.
    • To highlight the distinction between genuine medical futility and disagreements over treatment appropriateness.
    • To advocate for a clearer, unambiguous definition and application of the term 'futility' in medical contexts.

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    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and critical analysis of the concept of medical futility.
    • Examination of ethical debates and policy statements related to treatment decisions in pediatric critical care.
    • Analysis of the challenges in balancing medical advice with parental values and authority.

    Main Results:

    • The term 'futility' has been inaccurately used in situations of treatment disputes where true futility is uncertain.
    • Pediatric critical care frequently encounters complex scenarios where established futility definitions are difficult to apply.
    • Attempts to redefine futility have not adequately addressed the nuances of clinical practice and ethical considerations.

    Conclusions:

    • A clear distinction must be made between futile and potentially inappropriate treatments.
    • The Multiorganization Policy Statement offers valuable communication strategies for resolving disputes over treatment appropriateness.
    • Restoring a precise and unambiguous meaning to 'futility' is essential for ethical medical practice and clear communication.