Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
Published on: April 7, 2023
Comparison of Four Methods of Treating Ectopic Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Zeynep Ozturk Inal1, Hasan Ali Inal1
1Konya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology, Konya, Turkey.
Objective:
To compare the results of expectant management, single and multidose methotrexate (MTX) and surgical management of ectopic pregnancy (EP).
Materials And Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, the original files of 233 patients who were treated for EP between May 2009 and December 2016 were analyzed. The patients were assigned to the following groups based on the applied treatment methods: Group 1, expectant management (n = 24), Group 2, single-dose MTX (n = 144), Group 3, multiple-dose MTX (n = 25), and Group 4, surgical intervention (n = 40). The following parameters were recorded and assessed: sociodemographic characteristics, pelvic ultrasonography findings (gestational sac, ectopic mass appearance, positive fetal cardiac activity), serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels on Day 0, Day 4, and Day 7, and surgical procedures in women that underwent surgical interventions.
Results:
The sociodemographic characteristics were similar in all four groups. The percentage of ectopic mass and positive fetal cardiac activity was greater and the diameter of the mass was larger in Group 4 than in the other groups. The β-hCG values on Day 0, Day 4, and Day 7 were statistically different between the groups (p < 0.001). The cutoff value for the β-hCG change for EP resolution was 18% between Day 0 and Day 4 (AUC = 0.726, p < 0.001) and 15% between Day 4 and Day 7 (AUC = 0.874, p < 0.001). The probability of the requirement for an additional dose of MTX was 0.78 (95% CI 0.71 - 0.87; p < 0.001) times lower in patients who had a > 18% decrease in β-hCG levels from Day 0 to Day 4 in comparison to those who had a decrease < 18% from Day 0 to Day 4. The probability of the requirement for an additional dose of MTX was 1.64 (95% CI 1.25 - 2.16; p < 0.001) times greater in patients whose reduction in β-hCG levels from Day 4 to Day 7 was < 15% in comparison to those who had > 15% reduction from Day 4 to Day 7.
Conclusions:
Additional dose requirements for patients with EP may be predicted early in the changes in β-hCG levels between Day 0 and Day 4. Further prospective studies are required to elucidate this issue.
More Related Videos
03:05Influence of Emotional Factors on the Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Overweight Complicated with Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Published on: November 21, 2025
05:53Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
Published on: June 21, 2018
Related Concept Videos
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
Multiple Comparison Tests
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces
Since both are inverse square law forces, the distance gets canceled when the ratio of the two forces is considered. Instead, the ratio of the electrical and gravitational forces depends on...
Comparison between RL and RC circuits