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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Neuromodulation of Olfactory Processing
Kristyn M Lizbinski1, Andrew M Dacks1
1Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
|January 30, 2018
Summary
Neuromodulation flexibly controls neural networks. This review explores intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation in olfactory systems, highlighting their non-uniform effects and integration for network control.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Sensory Systems Biology
Background:
- Neuromodulation enables context-specific neural network control.
- A dichotomy exists between intrinsic (network-internal) and extrinsic (network-external) neuromodulation.
- This dichotomy is well-studied in motor systems but less so in sensory systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation in olfactory processing across model systems.
- To examine presynaptic modulation and centrifugal neuron effects in olfaction.
- To discuss the integration of neuromodulatory mechanisms (metamodulation).
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on olfactory neuromodulation.
- Analysis of presynaptic modulation by local interneurons (LNs).
- Examination of serotonergic centrifugal neuron impacts on olfactory processing.
Main Results:
- Intrinsic neuromodulation provides network memory via local interneurons.
- Extrinsic neuromodulation, like serotonergic input, offers context-specific regulation.
- Neuromodulatory effects are generally non-uniform and heterogeneous.
- Integration of intrinsic and extrinsic inputs (metamodulation) allows global network control.
Conclusions:
- Intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation play distinct yet integrated roles in olfactory processing.
- Understanding neuromodulation's heterogeneity is crucial for comprehending olfactory network dynamics.
- Further research into metamodulation can reveal mechanisms for sophisticated sensory control.
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