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Physiological Aging Influence on Brain Hemodynamic Activity during Task-Switching: A fNIRS Study.

Roberta Vasta1, Simone Cutini2, Antonio Cerasa3,4

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|January 30, 2018
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Summary

Task-switching paradigms reveal how aging affects cognitive control. Elderly individuals show slower performance and distinct brain activity, suggesting fNIRS can measure cognitive aging effects.

Keywords:
cognitive controlfunctional near-infrared spectroscopyphysiological agingregression analysistask-switching

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Task-switching (TS) paradigms are established tools for studying cognitive control, particularly prefrontal cortex activity.
  • Physiological aging's impact on cognitive control mechanisms, especially hemodynamic responses during TS tasks, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how physiological aging influences hemodynamic responses during a color-shape TS paradigm.
  • To explore the utility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in assessing age-related changes in cognitive control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-channel fNIRS to measure hemodynamic activity (oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin) in young and elderly healthy volunteers.
  • Recorded cortical activity from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsal premotor cortex (PMC), and superior frontal gyrus (sFG) during a TS paradigm.
  • Employed two-sample t-tests and multiple linear regression to analyze group differences and age-related effects on neural activity and behavior.

Main Results:

  • Elderly participants exhibited significantly slower performance across single tasks and switching/repetition trials compared to younger participants.
  • Distinct differences in hemodynamic response were observed between age groups, particularly in oxy-hemoglobin concentration during switching tasks in the PMC.
  • Behavioral performance in switching trials positively correlated with aging, and specific fNIRS-derived brain activity in the PMC and sFG predicted age effects.

Conclusions:

  • The TS paradigm is a reliable tool for measuring cognitive resources in older adults.
  • fNIRS-based assessment of frontoparietal cortex activity can serve as a valuable indicator of aging effects on cognitive function.