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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion
Published on: March 1, 2019
Cerebral Ischemia Increases Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier Conjugation within Human Penumbral Tissue:
Joshua D Bernstock1,2, Daniel G Ye1, Allison Griffin3,4
1Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Abstract:
Posttranslational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates myriad physiological processes within cells and has been demonstrated to be highly activated in murine brains after cerebral ischemia. Numerous in vitro and murine in vivo studies have demonstrated that this increased SUMO conjugation is an endogenous neuroprotective stress response that has potential in being leveraged to develop novel therapies for ischemic stroke. However, SUMO activation has not yet been studied in poststroke human brains, presenting a clear limitation in translating experimental successes in murine models to human patients. Accordingly, here, we present a case wherein the brain tissue of a stroke patient (procured shortly after death) was processed by multiplex immunohistochemistry to investigate SUMO activation.
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