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Atomic Orbitals02:44

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An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Tumor Engraftment in a Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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Orbital plasmablastic lymphoma.

Edward Bloch1, Fiona Robinson1

  • 1King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London UK.

Clinical Case Reports
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasmablastic lymphoma, an aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma variant, often affects the oronasal area. Consider it for fast-growing eye socket lesions, especially in HIV-positive individuals.

Keywords:
HIVorbital tumorsplasmablastic lymphoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare, aggressive subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
  • It predominantly occurs in the oronasal mucosa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight plasmablastic lymphoma as a critical differential diagnosis for periorbital masses.
  • To emphasize its association with HIV positivity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations.
  • Histopathological analysis.
  • Immunophenotyping.

Main Results:

  • Plasmablastic lymphoma presents as rapidly growing lesions.
  • Oronasal mucosa is a common site of origin.
  • Increased incidence observed in HIV-positive patients.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmablastic lymphoma requires consideration in the differential diagnosis of periorbital lesions.
  • Early recognition is crucial, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Further research into its pathogenesis and treatment is warranted.