Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 6, 2026
Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
Published on: July 23, 2016
Safety threshold of intravitreal clonidine in rabbit's eyes
Homayoun Nikkhah1,2, Kiumars Heidari Garfami1, Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi1,3
1Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16666, Iran.
Aim:
To determine the safe dose of intravitreal clonidine (IVC), a potential drug for neuroprotection and angiogenesis inhibition in rabbits.
Methods:
A total of 28 rabbits were divided into four groups. Three groups received IVC with concentrations of 15 (Group A), 25 (Group B), and 50 (Group C) µg/0.1 mL and the control group (Group D) received 0.1 mL balanced salt solution (BSS). To investigate IVC safety, electroretinography (ERG) was performed at baseline, then at 1, 4 and 8wk after injection. After last ERG, all rabbits were euthanized, their eyes were enucleated and subjected to routine histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) test.
Results:
Based on ERG, histopathology, GFAP and TUNEL assay findings, 15 µg IVC was determined as the safe dose in rabbit eyes. While, the results of routine histopathology and TUNEL assay were unremarkable in all groups, toxic effects attributed to 25 and 50 µg IVC were demonstrated by ERG and GFAP tests.
Conclusion:
Totally 15 µg clonidine is determined as the safe dose for intravitreal injection in rabbits. Contribution of IVC in neuroprotection and inhibition of angiogenesis deserve more studies.
