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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Current Density01:21

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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Eddy Currents01:25

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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Displacement Current01:19

Displacement Current

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Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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[Current advance in cerebral malaria].

Jian-Liang Li1,2, Kai Li1,3, Yuan Guo1,4

  • 1Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100070, China.

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe, life-threatening Plasmodium falciparum infection causing brain injury and neurocognitive disorders. Recent research advances our understanding of CM

Keywords:
cerebral malariaimmuneinflammationmechanismpathologytherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cerebral malaria (CM), a severe neurological syndrome from Plasmodium falciparum, has high mortality and causes long-term neurocognitive deficits.
  • Key neuropathology includes sequestered parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs), microvessel damage, and brain hemorrhages.
  • The exact pathogenesis remains unclear, but involves pRBC adhesion, inflammation, vascular leakage, and brain hypoxia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent basic, clinical, and drug studies on cerebral malaria.
  • To focus on advances in CM immunologic mechanisms over the last three years, including cytokines, immune cells, regulatory factors, and biomarkers.
  • To provide references for ongoing and future CM research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent scientific literature on cerebral malaria.
  • Focus on studies published within the last three years.
  • Analysis of research on immunological mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Summarizes current understanding of CM neuropathology and proposed pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Highlights key biomarkers for CM diagnosis and prognosis, such as CXCL10, CXCL4, and Angiopoietin.
  • Details recent advancements in understanding CM's immunological underpinnings.

Conclusions:

  • CM remains a critical global health challenge requiring further research.
  • Continued investigation into CM pathogenesis and immunology is essential for developing effective treatments.
  • Biomarkers show promise for improved diagnosis and prognosis of cerebral malaria.