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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting
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Plasmonic Hot Carriers-Controlled Second Harmonic Generation in WSe2 Bilayers.

Xinglin Wen1, Weigao Xu1, Weijie Zhao1

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371.

Nano Letters
|January 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ultrafast hot electrons injected from plasmonic nanostructures into bilayer tungsten diselenide dynamically induce second harmonic generation (SHG). This work enables high-speed, all-optical control of nonlinear optical properties for novel applications.

Keywords:
Plasmonic hot carrier injectionbilayer transitional metal dichalcogenidescharge induced second harmonic generationinversion symmetrytransient absorption spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Modulating second harmonic generation (SHG) with static electric fields is established.
  • Dynamic, high-speed control of nonlinear optical properties remains a challenge.
  • Plasmonic hot carriers offer ultrafast manipulation of semiconductor properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate ultrafast, all-optical induction of SHG in 2L-WSe2 using plasmonically generated hot electrons.
  • To investigate the mechanism of SHG induction via hot carrier injection.
  • To characterize the temporal dynamics of hot carrier injection and its effect on SHG.

Main Methods:

  • Pump-probe spectroscopy to induce and detect SHG.
  • Transient absorption spectroscopy to confirm hot electron injection and measure dynamics.
  • Utilizing plasmonic nanostructures coupled to bilayer tungsten diselenide (2L-WSe2).

Main Results:

  • Plasmonically generated hot electrons injected into 2L-WSe2 induce SHG by breaking inversion symmetry.
  • The dynamic separation electric field from hot carriers, not optical enhancement, causes SHG.
  • Measured hot electron injection with a rise time of ~120 fs and decay time of 1.9 ps.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrafast hot carrier injection provides a pathway for dynamic, all-optical control of SHG.
  • This method breaks inversion symmetry in 2L-WSe2, enabling tunable nonlinear optical responses.
  • The findings open avenues for high-speed all-optical switching and signal processing applications.